以上三種方式 選民均須標示偏好順序 從一 二 三 一直排
如果是圈選候選人 必須從一 二 三一直排到十五 才算有效票
如果是圈選政黨團體 可以只圈一政黨團體 或從一二 三 一直排完所有政黨團體

achou 寫道：
以上所述澳洲的選舉制度(Proportional Representation Voting )
適用於澳洲國會senates和各洲的上議院(upper house)選舉
是單一選區選多位議員 各黨依得票數取得席次

澳洲的House of Representatives和各洲的下議院(lower house) 選舉
則是採Preferential voting

當選人必須取得總有效票的絕對多數才能當選
選民投票時 也是排偏好順位
是單一選區選一位議員
有關澳洲的選舉制度 大家可以 到以下 網頁察看
www.aec.gov.au
www.australianpolitics.com

UFO123 寫道：
這種排出愛好的選制好像並不只有澳洲有?
You’re right there are more than a dozen of countries which use preferential representation voting method.
樓主對選制好像頗有研究
能點一下單一選區兩票制的缺點嗎
蛋頭蔡詩萍在原住民電視台 主持節目請三位所謂專家
講單一選區兩票制 講的好像該制止有優點 真是蛋頭!!!
About 單一選區兩票制, it looks like a parallel voting method/Mixed member proportional representation that you get one ballot to vote for candidates and one ballot to vote for parties. One feature of this voting method is that it helps build strong party.

I can understand why the three experts stressed this feature as an advantage. In the current democratisation stage that Taiwan is in and with the old voting method, the problem is strong party may not gain majority of votes to form the government. I guess they adopt this new voting method, i.e. 單一選區兩票制, in the hope to overcome this problem.
However, this new voting method apparently will make the counting much more complicated than the old method. I hope they have the counting system ready to cope with it.

Here in NSW of Australia, the counting system is audited by an independent third party to make sure it complies to the legislations and does what it should be doing. The source code and documentation of the system is open to all citizens to inspect on request. The aim is to make the system transparent and fair to all.

PS: The following link shows some potential disadvantages of this voting method:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_member_proportional_voting

achou 寫道：
聽說鄭老師下週要討論選舉制度

在此介紹一下澳洲的選舉制度(Proportional Representation Voting ) 以供大家參考

澳洲選舉是Compulsory voting, 所有選民均必須投票
沒投的人除了有充分理由 必須繳罰款 澳幣二十五 至 五十五元 依地方或州選舉而不同
不繳的人可要求上法庭 打官司 由法官裁決
一般 澳洲的投票率都在百分之九十以上

選務機關 Electoral Commission 依法必須提供以下方式 使所有選民均能投票
一 通訊投票 包括住國外的選民 或其他不住在登記選區內的選民 等可在一定時間內在選舉日前 以郵寄的方式完成投票
二 選舉日前投票 通常是選舉日前一禮拜公民可到特定投票所投票 以供選舉日因工作或其他原因 無法投票的人先行投票
三 特殊機構選舉日前投票 主要是在老人之家 醫院 監獄 等等 設投票所 以便他們投票
四 選舉日投票

澳洲選舉投票和計票方式均極複雜 特別

圈票有三種方式
一圈選政黨團體
二圈選候選人
三圈選政黨團體和候選人

以上三種方式 選民均須標示偏好順序 從一 二 三 一直排
如果是圈選候選人 必須從一 二 三一直排到十五 才算有效票
如果是圈選政黨團體 可以只圈一政黨團體 或從一二 三 一直排完所有政黨團體

計票方式之複雜 在此不多述 各位如有興趣 我再報告
基本上 候選人必須達到 一定票數 (即quota = 有效票總數/ 預定當選人數 + 1) 才能當選
多得的票數則 算在下一個被圈選的候選人的頭上
依此類推 直到所有圈選的候選人的票都計完

以今年三月二十七日新南威爾斯的州議員選舉為例
選民有 4.37 million 人
投票率 九十二點多
選票上有十九個政黨團體 有三百三十三個候選人
一張選票近一公尺半
並且真的有人圈選候選人從一一直排完三百三十三候選人
計票計了三百三十回合 才把所有偏好順序計完
選出二十一名州議員
當然 這是由電腦系統計票 費時約二十分鐘

achou 寫道：
引文:

UFO123 寫道：
這種排出愛好的選制好像並不只有澳洲有?
You’re right there are more than a dozen of countries which use preferential representation voting method.
樓主對選制好像頗有研究
I am not an expert in election system. My background is IT consulting and I happen to work for the election management system for the state of NSW of Australia. That tells why I know the complexities involved in counting the votes in preferential voting.
能點一下單一選區兩票制的缺點嗎
蛋頭蔡詩萍在原住民電視台 主持節目請三位所謂專家
講單一選區兩票制 講的好像該制止有優點 真是蛋頭!!!
About 單一選區兩票制, it looks like a parallel voting method/Mixed member proportional representation that you get one ballot to vote for candidates and one ballot to vote for parties. One feature of this voting method is that it helps build strong party.

I can understand why the three experts stressed this feature as an advantage. In the current democratisation stage that Taiwan is in and with the old voting method, the problem is strong party may not gain majority of votes to form the government. I guess they adopt this new voting method, i.e. 單一選區兩票制, in the hope to overcome this problem.
However, this new voting method apparently will make the counting much more complicated than the old method. I hope they have the counting system ready to cope with it.

Here in NSW of Australia, the counting system is audited by an independent third party to make sure it complies to the legislations and does what it should be doing. The source code and documentation of the system is open to all citizens to inspect on request. The aim is to make the system transparent and fair to all.

PS: The following link shows some potential disadvantages of this voting method:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_member_proportional_voting